![]() ![]() Layers consist of geoms, stats, scales, coords, facets, and themes. Then, we use the + symbol to add layers of graphical components to the graph. To create a plot with ggplot2, we call ggplot() specifying the data frame with the variables to plot ( data), and the aesthetic mappings between variables in the data and visual properties of the objects in the graph, such as the position and color of points or lines ( mapping = aes()). 2022) uses a grammar of graphics which defines the rules of structuring mathematic and aesthetic elements to build graphs layer-by-layer. ![]() The ggplot2 package ( Wickham, Chang, et al. This pane may also contain Git options for version control.įinally, the Files/Plots/Packages/Help pane (bottom-right) allows us to see the files in our working directory, the graphs generated, as well as packages and help pages. The Environment/History pane (top-right)Ĭontains tabs with datasets, variables, and other R objects, as well as the history of the previous R commands executed. To interact with R, we can type commands in the console or write code in script files in the code editor and copy-paste commands to the console. In the console pane (bottom-left), we see the execution and the output of the R code. In the code editor pane (top-left), we create and view the R script files. The RStudio IDE has typically four panes (Figure A.1). RStudio includes a console, a syntax-highlighting editor for writing and editing R code,Īnd a variety of tools for data visualization, debugging, and management of files and R projects. R can be run using the integrated development environment (IDE) called RStudio which can be freely downloaded from. R can be downloaded and installed from CRAN (Comprehensive R Archive Network). R is a free and open-source software environment for statistical computing and graphics that provides many excellent packages for importing and manipulating data, statistical analysis, and visualization.
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